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March 1, 2002
NY Times: CD Technology Stops Copies, but It Starts a Controversy In Europe, where Sony Music — despite the objections of Sony Electronics — has released about 70 titles with antipiracy technology, the CD's are labeled "Will not play on PC/Mac." BMG was forced to drop copy protection on two CD's it released in Europe when consumers complained...

BusinessWeek: The High Price of Spam. For corporations and ISPs, all of this will be costly. Ferris says most businesses are woefully unprepared for the onslaught: "Right now, it's still only an irritant," he says. "A year from now, it will materially interfere with business."

MIT Technology Review: Flexible Displays Gain Momentum. But after several years of research, E Ink is now able to fabricate pliable, non-crystalline silicon transistors on both stainless steel foil and plastic substrates, creating flexible backplanes. Laying a sheet of electronic ink over these backplanes creates the all-flexible prototype display.

March 2, 2002
InfoWorld: A censorship test case. When I've talked off the record with Oracle, Microsoft, and Network Associates officials about this, they've usually acknowledged that their censorship clauses would probably not stand up in court, but nonetheless they feel they are justified in retaining them.

March 3, 2002
Useit.Com: Deep Linking is Good Linking. Some Internet marketing managers just don't want hot leads to visit their website. I conclude this after hearing that website owners actually call search engine customer service departments complaining that users are daring to enter sites directly on pages they're most interested in.

Newsweek: The Customer Is Always Wrong. Steven Levy. The Disney Corp. was once celebrated for its crowd-pleasing recipe: underpromise and overdeliver. But Eisner and his copyright-holding counterparts, drinking deep from the fountain of fear, seem to have adopted a new motto: overcharge and disable.

March 4, 2002
Business Week: Copyrights -- or Mothballs? But in the rush to protect the established publishing industries, two avenues that were crafted specifically to allow innovation to thrive within the legal structure of copyrights are being closed down. For innovation to bloom in digital publishing, something has to give.

NY Times: The Corner Internet Network vs. the Cellular Giants. The informal Wi-Fi networks that inexpensively provide wireless Internet access are fine, as far as they go — which is generally a few hundred feet. But what happens when there are enough of them to weave together in a blanket of Internet coverage?

Technology Marketing: Whither Bandwidth? Michael Schrage. The economics of digital convergence dictate that the future of this business won't be found in either mass markets or mass customization. It's going to be found in design and development of market segments that generate their own economies of scale.

Wired News: Adobe Copyright Case in Court. In a continuing battle against charges of criminal copyright violations which began with the arrest of programmer Dmitri Sklyarov last July, a Russian company will argue in U.S. Federal Court on Monday that the DMCA does not apply to foreign firms doing business over the Internet.

March 5, 2002
Salon: Waiting for Wi-Fi. With tens of millions of customers ready to be wireless by next year, and the price of a Wi-Fi laptop dropping below $1,000, why isn't AT&T setting up antennae for us, instead of shutting down its Digital Broadband service? The answer is less about technology than the shifting flows of capital in the 21st century.

Business Week: Entertainment Execs, Fear Not the Net. Help from Washington won't give people what they now expect -- and would probably pay for -- in their digital entertainment. That's something a savvy marketer such as Eisner, who has made a nice living giving folks what they want, should know.

Fairfax IT: Apple chief blasts labels. Steve Jobs is pleased to have been awarded a Grammy by the recording industry last Wednesday night, for technical achievements in music for Apple Computer. But that doesn't stop him from criticising record labels' efforts in digital distribution.

Financial Times: Cyberspace Copyright protection reinforced. A landmark international treaty reinforcing the protection of copyright in cyberspace comes into force on Wednesday amid controversy in the US and Europe over whether tougher copyright rules stimulate or inhibit creativity on the internet.

SF Gate: Politicians are meddling with the Net, and they really ought to stop it. But this current flurry of activity is especially troubling for two reasons. First, technology is complicated, which makes these issues easy to get wrong. Second, all of the measures directly affect consumers -- yet consumers seem to have very little voice in these debates.

March 6, 2002
O'Reilly Network: A Pressplay Test Drive. There are too many stumbling blocks: not enough artists and songs to choose from, poor quality streaming, and too many restrictions on the music you've downloaded. Beyond these problems, my biggest gripe with media companies today is that I don't feel like I own anything anymore.

SJ Mercury: Oregon city puts fiber-optic network plan on hold. A year after scaling back its proposed high-speed telecommunications network, the Eugene Water & Electric Board has put MetroNet on hold indefinitely due to the poor economy and projections that the public venture would lose money in its first 10 years of operation.

Technology Review: The Internet Amenity. Simson Garfinkel. Organizations that aren’t trying to make money providing wireless Internet service can do away with all of these measures and offer the service for free. This isn’t just some techno-utopian notion—it’s today’s reality.

News.Com: Amazon, Barnes&Noble settle patent suit. Amazon.com said Wednesday that it has settled its long-running patent-infringement suit against Barnes&Noble.com over its 1-Click checkout system. The details of the settlement were not disclosed. The settlement filed Tuesday with the U.S. district court in Seattle ends the dispute...

March 7, 2002
Computerworld: PGP will go on, says its inventor. "PGP is an institution," Zimmermann said in a telephone interview from his home in the Silicon Valley. "It is larger than any single code base from any single company. There are a lot of very concerned people from the PGP user community who want to try to find a solution to fill this niche."

NY Times: You Listen, You Pay: Post-Napster Music Services. Now there are legal online music services that resemble the singles-buying experience. If you are used to the free-range, download-and-burn capabilities of Napster and the rest, you will find that these services do have their limitations, but also some distinct benefits.

The Guardian: Electronic trail goes cold. Paper may seem fragile and ephemeral as a means of preserving information, but its virtues are all too apparent when compared to data stored digitally. Vast amounts of information are created, stored and accessed electronically, bringing with it enormous advantages.

Wired News: House Rep's Rap: Unshackle the CD. Music CDs equipped with copy protection will, if Rick Boucher gets his wish, soon be as obsolete as eight-track cassettes. The feisty Democratic congressman from Virginia says he plans to introduce legislation banning, or at least regulating, compact discs outfitted with anti-copying technology.

March 8, 2002
digitalMASS: Antipiracy bill a high-tech threat. Millions of people already steal their products with digital assistance, and the problem is getting worse. But the proposed alternative would turn our personal computers, and all our other personal technologies, into digital busybodies that probably would forbid even legal copying.

EE Times: Group to form content-protection specs for audio players. A group of consumer electronics manufacturers and technology suppliers have formed the Digital Media Device Association and created a working group to draft specifications related to the use and exchange of digital audio content on portable and networked players.

Globe and Mail: Intranets become 'intramess'. Many intranets fail to live up to their potential because they don't have the content that is supposed to help people perform their work, and users often can't find what they're looking for even if it's on the sites, says Bobbie Merilees, a Vancouver-based consultant who advises companies on intranets.

March 9, 2002
The Register: How we can save PGP - Zimmermann. PGP inventor Phil Zimmermann says PGP can be saved, and has outlined how in an interview with The Register yesterday. "PGP is an institution that's bigger than any single company, or codebase, or product," says Zimmermann. "It's in limbo right now, and limbo is a bad place to be."

March 10, 2002
Newsweek: Locking Up Your Rights. Steven Levy. The main event comes on April 1, when the judge hears Burton’s motions to dismiss on constitutional grounds. Though his argument gets technical, attacking what he calls “vagueness” in the DMCA, the bottom line is this: how can it be a crime to allow people legal access to what they legally paid for?

March 11, 2002
O'Reilly Network: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Panopticon. The computers at Google are asked to tirelessly count and re-count the number and destination of links on every page that Scooter, the Googlebot, can lay its user-agent on. Those links are made by human beings, doing what they do best, link by link, drip by drip, layering a film of order over the Internet.

USA Today: Online magazine 'Slate' duped by writer. Shafer said repeated e-mails sent to the writer's business e-mail address bounced back as "undeliverable." He said headers from the business address showed conclusively that the return address was forged, and the e-mails actually originated from a private Internet domain registered to an individual...

Business 2.0: Cool Design Won't Save a Dud Product. Apple copycatting isn't the only reason some products fail. Bad planning and overinflated expectations can doom even the most awe-inspiring designs. And that's a shame. Many consumer-product launches turn into train wrecks because companies keep making a few of the same lethal mistakes.

News.Com: Wireless to get faster, more secure. 802.11g is a faster and more secure version of the more familiar wireless networking equipment used in a growing number of homes and offices. But the 802.11g is still in draft form, with a few questions remaining about what technologies to use. The standard itself won't be ratified until at least midyear.

March 12, 2002
Scientific American: Tragedy of the Cyber Commons. Q&A with Lawrence Lessig. This freedom is increasingly under threat. The danger is that one class of property owners will use the legal system to veto certain kinds of innovation that no longer accord with its business interests. These owners will have the power to choose what kind of innovation is permitted--and that's inconsistent with the innovation commons.

Computerworld: Wireless LANs gain over cellular. Anderson isn't alone. A growing number of U.S. localities, including the California cities of Glendale and Oakland and counties of Orange and San Diego, have embraced Wi-Fi technology as the high-speed wireless backbone of their networks.

InfoWorld: Little support seen for ICANN overhaul proposal. Lynn's proposal seeks to address the some of the group's many problems, by paring down on the organization's nontechnical duties and recruiting more government involvement to boost funding. However, critics like the CDT question his solutions.

March 13, 2002
Salon: Chained melodies. But what happens when the law of the land is in direct opposition to mainstream consumer behavior and desires? As the content companies accelerate the deployment of every legal, political and technological weapon in their arsenal, that is precisely the showdown that looms.

Technology Review: Motorola's Superchip. Others, however, are so impressed with the potential of Ramdani’s breakthrough that they believe the technology could fundamentally change the dynamics of the chip-making business, finally bridging the materials divide between silicon and compound semiconductors that has become a fundamental fact in the industry.

InfoWorld: FCC to make preliminary Internet cable decision. THE U.S. FCC on Thursday will consider how to classify cable network operators that provide Internet services, a decision that could foreshadow the extent to which the agency will or will not regulate cable broadband providers going forward.

Technology Review: The Price is Right. Michael Schrage. Most innovators honestly believe the “price” they charge represents the customer’s “cost” of acquiring their brilliant innovations. It doesn’t. Not even close. Genuine innovation almost always creates a disjunction between the price that’s paid to acquire it and the actual costs of implementing it.

March 14, 2002
NY Times: Piracy, or Innovation? It's Hollywood vs. High Tech. The clash between Hollywood and Silicon Valley underscores a new tension between what have long been high national priorities: protecting intellectual property and promoting technological innovation. With the two in conflict, lawmakers are grappling to strike a balance.

Wall Street Journal: DigitalConsumer Takes Up the Fight Against Copyright Plans in Congress. Walter S. Mossberg. Thursday, a new group goes public to fight back on behalf of consumers. It's called DigitalConsumer.org and was formed by Silicon Valley businesspeople who oppose the erosion of consumer rights and of technological innovation.

Bob Frankston: The Internet is Missing. Because the Internet doesn't treat each use as special, the connectivity itself becomes a commodity whose price declines very rapidly and thus makes imagination, not cost, the limiting factor. This is counter-intuitive to those whose business revolves around maximizing the value of their capital current assets.

Network World: FCC declares cable Internet an information service. The Federal Communications Commission defined cable Internet services as an "information service" on Thursday, potentially placing cable Internet on the same regulatory footing as high-speed Internet services offered by phone companies.

Wired News: BT Linking Suit Dealt a Blow. The judge's ruling Wednesday didn't knock the case out of court, but carefully analyzed the technological claims in British Telecom's patent in an attempt to determine how valid the claim is. The ruling, according to legal experts, presents half-a-dozen strong points disputing BT's claims...

March 15, 2002
SF Chronicle: Fighting for consumers' digital rights. The newly formed DigitalConsumer.org, spearheaded by Excite Inc. founders Joe Kraus and Graham Spencer and based in Palo Alto, believes the rights of consumers are being trampled as the major entertainment companies fight digital piracy.

NY Times: In a Seamless Image, the Great and Small. Together, the projection and the high-resolution view on the monitor form a large, seamless picture presenting overview as well as detail. The user can move the picture around to bring any part of it into the area of focus, meaning the flat-panel display.

The Register: DoCoMo to kick off 802.11b trial. NTT DoCoMo, the company currently blazing the trail with 3G mobile phone services in Japan, is to run a trial of 802.11b wireless LAN services over the next three months, according to a Reuters report.

Dan Bricklin: Handspring Treo 180. When I first saw Jeff Hawkins of Handspring demonstrate a prototype Treo, I knew it was a device I needed to look into. As a combination Palm OS PDA and cell phone, I already knew from the Kyocera QCP-603 device it would have value.

March 16, 2002
NY Times: Where Music Will Be Coming From. Kevin Kelly. The industrial age was driven by analog copies; analog copies are perfect and cheap. The information age is driven by digital copies; digital copies are perfect, fluid and free. Free is hard to ignore. It propels duplication at a scale that would previously have been unbelievable.

March 17, 2002
Useit.Com: Protecting the User's Mailbox. Email is a powerful way to reach customers, but overdoing it is risky. Let users know up front that you'll respect their mailboxes. Otherwise, they won't give their email addresses, and you'll lose a unique channel for marketing and customer service.

March 18, 2002
MSNBC: AOL testing Netscape browser. America Online has begun testing a software version that uses the Netscape Web browser, a signal that it may be considering dropping Microsoft Corp.’s Internet Explorer this fall when an upgraded version of the online service is rolled out.

Computerworld: Don't Deny Privacy for Security's Sake. Dan Gillmor. Encryption is one technology that promotes security and privacy. Yes, it enables bad people to communicate. But if we want a safe economy in the Digital Age, strong cryptography - with its positive and negative uses - isn't an option. It's a requirement.

CIO: Seeing with Digital Eyes. The promise that seduced us was the potential of developing striking, memorable, novel, visual metaphors for business processes and using those metaphors to make monitoring and managing those processes simpler, faster and more intelligent.

The Chronicle of Higher Education: Once Hog Butcher for the World, Chicago Becomes a City of Advanced Optical Networks. The hub and the metropolitan network will be used exclusively for scientific research. But some Chicago researchers anticipate that optical networks will eventually transform the way not only scientists but also engineers and businessmen do their work.

March 19, 2002
O'Reilly Network: Microsoft's Research Director Taps Top Tech Trends. Q&A with Rick Rashid. If you look at the kinds of things that are happening right now in the hardware space and the software space, there are several areas I think are pretty important. One thing, of course, is that the amount of storage that's available has just been mushrooming.

Wired News: Irish Fitted for Broadband Rings. The country hopes that the rings, funded 90 percent by the Irish government and 10 percent by local authorities, will help vault the country out of last place in the domestic broadband race of Western Europe.

Online Journalism Review: KR Bids for Hub Status. This is the Real Cities Online Network, Knight Ridder's ambitious, coast-to-coast attempt to harness the economic potential of the Internet by becoming so ubiquitous that Web users will be forced to turn to a Real Cities site for local and regional information.

Washington Post: Wireless Technology to Get Test in Area. Verizon Wireless and Lucent Technologies Inc. announced today that they will begin trying out a technology in Tysons Corner and Rockville next month that could offer businesses advanced wireless Internet connections close to the speeds available via cable modems or digital subscriber lines.

News.Com: AOL not liable for unauthorized e-books. Last week, U.S. District Judge Florence-Marie Cooper ruled that AOL is protected by provisions in the DMCA that shield ISPs from liability if they remove disputed content when notified. The DMCA is a controversial act originally designed to bring copyright law into the digital age.

March 20, 2002
ASIST Bulletin: Providing Universal Access to Human Knowledge. The concept of providing universal access to human knowledge overwhelms many of the people who think about it. But that doesn't mean it's not a worthwhile goal. Kahle says he's striving to do just that. In the process, he's created the Internet Archive...

News.Com: Broadband bill misses Senate panel OK. Hollings' opposition could mean the end of the road for the Tauzin-Dingell bill, which has pitted local telephone giants like Verizon Communications against long-distance and cable companies like AT&T in a high-stakes advertising and lobbying war.

ASIST Bulletin: Next Generation of Interfaces. What should the future Web look like? How do we get there? To what extent should the Web mimic human behavior? Two experts squared off on these and other issues before several hundred audience members during the closing session of the ASIST Annual Meeting in Washington on November 8, 2001.

EE Times: Carriers eye seamless WLAN, cellular integration. VoiceStream is not alone in its efforts. Analyst Ameri said Telenor of Norway and Telia of Sweden are also deploying WLANs in Europe, and other European carriers are following suit. "Carriers would much rather lose revenue to their own WLAN networks than wait for 3G," she said.

March 21, 2002
News.Com: Google pulls anti-Scientology links. Google was accused Wednesday of effectively removing from the Internet a Web site that is critical of the Church of Scientology after it deleted links to some of the site's pages from its search engine.

EE Times: Intel, AOL cease fire in copy protection wars. Intel Corp. and AOL Time Warner issued a joint statement of principles on digital rights management Tuesday that's intended, some said, to bury the hatchet in the ongoing struggle over digital copyrights. The joint statement affirms the need for strong intellectual-property protection for content...

Boxes and Arrows: Got usability? Talking with Jakob Nielsen. Usability has very much seemed like a black art. I myself have often said, “Well, you can just test that.” Well, that is true. Many things are testable, but at the same time we have to broaden the scope to make it even cheaper, even more accessible, get even more people doing it.

News.Com: Companies taking desperate steps against spam. He is the guardian of roughly 45,000 employees' e-mail in-boxes, protecting against unsolicited commercial messages that are nearly doubling in number every five months--and costing an estimated $1 per piece in lost productivity.

Computerworld: New services spur growth of public access Wi-Fi. Public access wireless LAN service shared the center ring here at the annual Cellular Telecommunications and Internet Association trade show with third generation mobile data, and one major carrier promised to deliver combined Wi-Fi/cellular services by early next year.

March 22, 2002
Wired News: Anti-Copy Bill Hits D.C.. Sen. Fritz Hollings has fired the first shot in the next legal battle over Internet piracy. The Democratic senator from South Carolina finally has introduced his copy protection legislation, ending over six months of anticipation and sharpening what has become a heated debate between Hollywood and Silicon Valley.

News.Com: Fighting for your copy rights. Q&A with Joe Kraus. In all of the debate around the DMCA, there were really no consumer groups represented. There just weren't the right people at the table. Personally, what I think we are seeing, certainly from Congress' point of view, are unintended consequences of the DMCA.

The Economist: The Oscars get Napsterised. The industry’s response to mass copying has been an increasingly heavy-handed effort to fight piracy with technology. But this approach will always have limits because no form of encryption is impenetrable. Yet the industry is behaving with particular severity.

News.Com: Google takes on supercomputing. The Mountain View, Calif.-based Internet search company invited 500 people to try out a new version of its toolbar that lets Windows users donate their computers' otherwise unused processing power to the Folding@home project at Stanford University.

ZDNN: Images may replace your lousy passwords. The key--images, which tend to make more of an impression on people than strings of text characters. Darko Kirovski, a cryptography and anti-piracy researcher at Microsoft, demonstrated a prototype password system at Microsoft offices in Mountain View, California, on Wednesday.

March 23, 2002
Wired News: Anti-Copy Bill Slams Coders. Legal experts said on Friday that the CBDTPA regulates nearly any program, in source or object code, that runs on a PC or anything else with a microprocessor. That's not just Windows media players and their brethren, as you might expect.

March 24, 2002
SJ Mercury: Bleak future looms if you don't take a stand. Dan Gillmor. Media conglomerates are in a merger frenzy. Telecommunications monopolies are creating a cozy cartel, dividing up access to the online world. The entertainment industry is pushing for Draconian controls on the use and dissemination of digital information.

News.Com: IBM, SeniorNet pursue easier online experience for older users. The IBM software, stored on a computer that is accessed through a Web browser, reformats Web pages to conform to the preferences of each user without changing the content. It can also help those who have difficulties with a mouse or keyboard.

March 25, 2002
Forbes ASAP: Back In Touch. Q&A with John Seely Brown. Email plays quite different roles than it did five years ago. Email has started to seriously change hierarchy. It keeps you more aware of the edge of what's happening in your company. You can sense the heartbeat of the organization when you skim the messages.

BBC News: Critics attack net journal initiative. Critics of a project to set up alternative open-access scientific journals on the internet say the idea is ill-conceived and will undermine quality. Financier George Soros announced in February that he was giving a $3m grant to the Budapest Open Access Initiative to set up open-archiving systems.

NY Times: Law Limiting Internet in Libraries Challenged. They argue that a law passed by Congress in December 2000 requiring schools and libraries to use Internet filtering software changes the nature of libraries from being places that provide information to places that unconstitutionally restrict it.

EE Times: Object-based video coding challenges MPEG. Has MPEG had its day? A Milpitas, Calif. startup will argue in the affirmative Monday when it announces an object-based video coding algorithm that it calls a radical departure from the block-based coding used in all MPEG standards.

March 26, 2002
Financial Times: Abe Lincoln and the internet pirates. Michael Eisner. In other words, thinkers both major and minor, in words both profound and mundane, have asserted the primacy of property ownership in a free society. It is as American as the apple pie that one may not take off a neighbour's kitchen ledge.

Dan Bricklin: Handspring Treo 180 Review, Part 2. As more and more services become available, and people figure out how to program devices like the Treo to invent even more services, this type of interface is really nice. Typing and touch-screen is a great combination, much better than "1=Yes, 2=No...".

David P. Reed: Holding our email hostage. Just as terrorists win when they trigger a breakdown in the system, the spammers, through their unwitting agents and amplifiers, the blackhole vigilantes, seem to be on the verge of causing email providers to create larger and larger disconnects among us poor users.

March 27, 2002
Business Week: Guard Copyrights, Don't Jail Innovation. Introducing copyright-protection mechanisms into almost all digital hardware clearly flouts the interests of consumers. And it's more evidence that, when it comes to delivering content in the 21st century, the entertainment industry is hell-bent on stifling technology...

Dan Gillmor: Journalistic Pivot Points. Whoa. I'm still not entirely sure what happened. But I do know this. My journey in journalism hit a pivot in that moment. Maybe journalism itself hit a pivot point, as pretentious as that sounds. All I know for sure is that I'm jazzed that it happened, and I'm going to think about it, hard.

Online Journalism Review: After the Meltdown. While media companies shouldn't jump headlong into these nascent ventures, they need to be ready to spring when the time is ripe. Many of these new technologies are already here in embryonic form, a sort of Version 0.5.

Dan Bricklin: Handspring Treo 180 Review: Part 3. It is more a "platform" in the sense that a personal computer is a platform. Handspring understands that at the highest levels, and I think that is what will make them and their products different than normal phone manufacturers and their products.

March 28, 2002
Wired News: Another Punch for Copy Protection. A political brawl over mandatory copy protection is about to spread to the U.S. House of Representatives. A Democratic legislator from the home of the Walt Disney and Warner Bros. studios is drafting a bill to reduce online piracy by implanting strict copy controls in digital devices.

Online Journalism Review: Preparing for the Coming Era of Participatory News. Today, those forces unfold at the speed of a click. They create new media, new freedoms, and new stories. We tend to overlook their role in the society we have created and the future we are inventing. Ours is a future of stories … of stories and clicks.

Wired News: Kazaa Gets the Green Light. The music industry says rampant online piracy has severely damaged recording sales and the movie industry fears the same could happen to it as computers become more powerful. The Amsterdam Court of Justice ruled that Kazaa was not liable for any individuals' abuse of its software...

March 29, 2002
Salon: U.S. prepares to invade your hard drive. Paul Boutin. But to the security experts and the standards-committee members who've dedicated their careers to finding solutions, drafting a law ordering the problem to be solved isn't the "wake-up call" Hollywood is calling it. It's just the latest Beltway foolishness.

Context Magazine: Copyright? Or Copywrong? Excerpt from Lawrence Lessig's The Future of Ideas. Telephones were lifelines, and they had to be protected from the experiments of an inquisitive nation. Whatever their intent, however, these rules channeled innovation through Bell Labs. Progress in telecommunications would be as Bell Labs determined it.

MSNBC: Yahoo! sneaks in yet more spam. Tired of spam you’re getting at your free Yahoo! e-mail account? Get ready for more. Tucked inside a privacy policy change the company made this week was notice that more Yahoo! e-mail marketing offers were coming — even if users had formerly indicated they were unwanted.

March 30, 2002
News.Com: ICANN re-enacts domain battles. Imbroglios have upstaged the organization's role as a Net policy-maker before, although they've done little to change the way the organization works. Now, the group has proposed reforms aimed at cutting the bickering short. But many critics believe the plans may lead to its most significant crisis yet.

March 31, 2002
Useit.Com: Top Research Laboratories in Human-Computer Interaction. A core group of elite corporate research labs (and a few universities) defined the field of human-computer interaction and established much of whatever ease of use we now enjoy. With big labs disappearing, the future of HCI research is in jeopardy.

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